Appeal
A request that a higher court review what happened in a lower court for legal error, not a retrial of the facts.
An appeal asks a higher (appellate) court to review the proceedings of a lower court. It is not a second trial and there is no new jury reconsidering the facts. The appellate court's role is generally to determine whether the lower court made a legal error that warrants appellate relief, reviewing the existing record and the applicable law rather than hearing new evidence or testimony.
Because an appeal reviews the record rather than retrying facts, what happened procedurally during the trial, what was objected to, what was preserved, matters as much as what actually occurred.